Correct Figure 16-5 in Volume 1, 1st Edition

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Last Updated on December 15, 2023 by David Both

Updated March 24, 2020

Figure 16-5 in Volume 1 of my book, Using and Administering Linux: Volume 1 – Zero to SysAdmin: Getting Started, has rendered poorly in all the paperback and electronic versions. The following image is correct and should render well.

Note that this diagram is from a more recent release of Fedora than the one in the book, and it has more detail than previous versions of this man page. This more recent man page also contains some flowcharts that describe some additional processes:

  • User Manager startup
  • Initial RAM disk startup INITRD
  • System Manager shutdown

Be sure to read the man page of your distribution and release for specific details of your environment.

                                           cryptsetup-pre.target
                                                     |
   (various low-level                                v
    API VFS mounts:                 (various cryptsetup devices...)
    mqueue, configfs,                                |    |
    debugfs, ...)                                    v    |
    |                                  cryptsetup.target  |
    |  (various swap                                 |    |    remote-fs-pre.target
    |   devices...)                                  |    |     |        |
    |    |                                           |    |     |        v
    |    v                       local-fs-pre.target |    |     |  (network file systems)
    |  swap.target                       |           |    v     v                 |
    |    |                               v           |  remote-cryptsetup.target  |
    |    |  (various low-level  (various mounts and  |             |              |
    |    |   services: udevd,    fsck services...)   |             |    remote-fs.target
    |    |   tmpfiles, random            |           |             |             /
    |    |   seed, sysctl, ...)          v           |             |            /
    |    |      |                 local-fs.target    |             |           /
    |    |      |                        |           |             |          /
    \____|______|_______________   ______|___________/             |         /
                                \ /                                |        /
                                 v                                 |       /
                          sysinit.target                           |      /
                                 |                                 |     /
          ______________________/|\_____________________           |    /
         /              |        |      |               \          |   /
         |              |        |      |               |          |  /
         v              v        |      v               |          | /
    (various       (various      |  (various            |          |/
     timers...)      paths...)   |   sockets...)        |          |
         |              |        |      |               |          |
         v              v        |      v               |          |
   timers.target  paths.target   |  sockets.target      |          |
         |              |        |      |               v          |
         v              \_______ | _____/         rescue.service   |
                                \|/                     |          |
                                 v                      v          |
                             basic.target         rescue.target    |
                                 |                                 |
                         ________v____________________             |
                        /              |              \            |
                        |              |              |            |
                        v              v              v            |
                    display-    (various system   (various system  |
                manager.service     services        services)      |
                        |         required for        |            |
                        |        graphical UIs)       v            v
                        |              |            multi-user.target
   emergency.service    |              |              |
           |            \_____________ | _____________/
           v                          \|/
   emergency.target                    v
                                graphical.target